On Sunday, August 29, Hurricane Ida made landfall near Port Fourchon, Loiusiana, as a Category 4 hurricane (sustained wind speeds of 130-156 miles per hour). As a result of the hurricane, at least nine refineries (approximately 2.3 million barrels per day [b/d] of refining capacity) shut down or reduced production. In addition, 96% of the crude oil production and 94% of the natural gas production in the U.S. federally administered areas of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) were shut in, according to estimates by the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement. Several ports along the Gulf Coast, including the Louisiana Offshore Oil Port (LOOP), were closed. As of September 8, significant levels of refining and crude oil production remain shut in. Because of the shut ins related to Hurricane Ida, in the September Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO), we revised down U.S. crude oil production and refinery runs from the August forecast. ...